Genetic and Protein Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Cancer Risk Assessment of Prostate Cancer
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چکیده
A biomarker is a chemical in the body. Certain biomarkers can show when something unusual is going with certain bodily processes. One of the most commonly known and tested biomarkers is prostate specific antigen (PSA). Higher levels of PSA in the blood indicate a problem with the prostate. The difficulty is that the PSA test doesn’t tell us what kind of problem is affecting the prostate – whether it’s an enlarged prostate or cancer. If the PSA is high, the usual next step is a biopsy. A biopsy is taking small bits of tissue to see if cancer is present. Other biomarker tests have been developed in recent years with the hope of telling doctors who should have or skip a biopsy. Published medical studies about these newer prostate biomarker tests are contradictory. That means some studies show the tests detect what they’re supposed to and other studies show the opposite. At this time, there is not enough medical evidence to show that newer prostate cancer biomarker tests are effective.
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